Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 52, ISSUE 1, P89-99, March 2023

Can the Future be Bright with Advances in Diabetic Eye Care?

  • Samantha Paul
    Affiliations
    University Hospitals Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Christian Kim
    Affiliations
    University Hospitals Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Mohamed Kamel Soliman
    Affiliations
    Department of Ophthalmology, Assiut University Hospitals, Al Walideyah Al Qebleyah, Asyut 2, Assiut Governorate 2074020, Egypt

    Case Western Reserve University, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Warren Sobol
    Affiliations
    University Hospitals Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

    Case Western Reserve University, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Jose J. Echegaray
    Affiliations
    University Hospitals Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

    Case Western Reserve University, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Shree Kurup
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author. Case Western Reserve University, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106.
    Affiliations
    University Hospitals Eye Institute/Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

    Case Western Reserve University, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    Search for articles by this author
Published:November 17, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2022.06.004

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Zhang X.
        • Gregg E.W.
        • Cheng Y.J.
        • et al.
        Diabetes mellitus and visual impairment: national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2004.
        Arch Ophthalmol. 2008; 126: 1421-1427
        • Yau J.W.
        • Rogers S.L.
        • Kawasaki R.
        • et al.
        Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.
        Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 556-564
        • National Eye Institute
        Diabetic Retinopathy Data and Statistics. Www.Nei.Nih.Gov.
        (Available at:) (Accessed May 7, 2022)
        • Klein R.
        • Klein B.E.
        • Moss S.E.
        • et al.
        the wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. VII. Diabetic nonproliferative retinal lesions.
        Ophthalmology. 1987; 94: 1389-1400
        • Rajah T.T.
        • Olson A.L.
        • Grammas P.
        Differential glucose uptake in retina- and brain-derived endothelial cells.
        Microvasc Res. 2001; 62: 236-242
        • Ejaz S.
        • Chekarova I.
        • Ejaz A.
        • et al.
        Importance of pericytes and mechanisms of pericyte loss during diabetes retinopathy.
        Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008; 10: 53-63
        • Cai J.
        • Boulton M.
        The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: old concepts and new questions.
        Eye. 2002; 16: 242-260https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6700133
      1. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs--an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.
        Ophthalmology. 1991; 98: 786-806
        • Ban C.R.
        • Twigg S.M.
        Fibrosis in diabetes complications: pathogenic mechanisms and circulating and urinary markers.
        Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008; 4: 575-596
        • Friedlander M.
        Fibrosis and diseases of the eye.
        J Clin Invest. 2007; 117: 576-586
        • Varma R.
        • Bressler N.M.
        • Doan Q.V.
        • et al.
        Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic macular edema in the United States.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014; 132: 1334-1340
        • Romero-Aroca P.
        • Baget-Bernaldiz M.
        • Pareja-Rios A.
        • et al.
        Diabetic macular edema pathophysiology: vasogenic versus inflammatory.
        J Diabetes Res. 2016; 2016: 2156273
        • El-Baha S.M.
        • Abdel Hadi A.M.
        • Abouhussein M.A.
        Submacular Injection of Ranibizumab as a New Surgical Treatment for Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema.
        J Ophthalmol. 2019; 2019: 6274209
        • Downey L.
        • Acharya N.
        • Devonport H.
        • et al.
        Treatment choices for diabetic macular oedema: a guideline for when to consider an intravitreal corticosteroid, including adaptations for the COVID-19 eraBMJ Open.
        Ophthalmology. 2021; 6: e000696
        • Wang S.Y.
        • Andrews C.A.
        • Gardner T.W.
        • et al.
        Ophthalmic screening patterns among youths with diabetes enrolled in a large US managed care network.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017; 135: 432-438
        • Nentwich M.M.
        • Ulbig M.W.
        Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus.
        World J Diabetes. 2015; 6: 489-499
        • Mallika P.
        • Tan A.
        • Aziz S.
        • et al.
        Diabetic retinopathy and the effect of pregnancy.
        Malays Fam Physician. 2010; 5: 2-5
        • Bressler N.M.
        • Varma R.
        • Doan Q.V.
        • et al.
        Underuse of the health care system by persons with diabetes mellitus and diabetic macular edema in the United States.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014; 132: 168-173
        • Bresnick G.
        • Cuadros J.A.
        • Khan M.
        • et al.
        Adherence to ophthalmology referral, treatment and follow-up after diabetic retinopathy screening in the primary care settingBMJ Open.
        Diabetes Res Care. 2020; 8: e001154
        • Yang C.S.
        • Cheng C.Y.
        • Lee F.L.
        • et al.
        Quantitative assessment of retinal thickness in diabetic patients with and without clinically significant macular edema using optical coherence tomography.
        Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001; 79: 266-270
        • Kashani A.H.
        • Chen C.L.
        • Gahm J.K.
        • et al.
        Optical coherence tomography angiography: a comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications.
        Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017; 60: 66-100
        • Beetham W.P.
        • Aiello L.M.
        • Balodimos M.C.
        • et al.
        Ruby laser photocoagulation of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy: preliminary report of a long-term controlled study.
        Arch Ophthalmol. 1970; 83: 261-272
        • Aiello L.M.
        • Berrocal J.
        • Davis M.D.
        • et al.
        The diabetic retinopathy study.
        Arch Ophthalmol. 1973; 90: 347-348
        • Kumar V.
        • Ghosh B.
        • Raina U.
        • et al.
        Subthreshold diode micropulse panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
        Eye. 2009; 23: 2122-2123https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2008.416
        • Fong D.S.
        • Girach A.
        • Boney A.
        Visual side effects of successful scatter laser photocoagulation surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a literature review.
        Retina. 2007; 27: 816-824
        • Boyer D.S.
        • Hopkins J.J.
        • Sorof J.
        • et al.
        Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema.
        Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 4: 151-169
        • Wells J.A.
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Ayala A.R.
        • et al.
        Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial.
        Ophthalmology. 2016; 123: 1351-1359
        • Gross J.G.
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Liu D.
        • et al.
        Diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. five-year outcomes of panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018; 136 ([Erratum in: JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 1;137(4):467. PMID: 30043039; PMCID: PMC6233839]): 1138-1148
        • Spaide R.F.
        • Fisher Y.L.
        Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.
        Retina. 2006; 26: 275-278
        • Wells J.A.
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Ayala A.R.
        • et al.
        • Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network
        Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema.
        N Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 1193-1203
        • Nguyen Q.D.
        • Brown D.M.
        • Marcus D.M.
        • et al.
        • RISE and RIDE Research Group
        Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE.
        Ophthalmology. 2012; 119: 789-801
        • Korobelnik J.F.
        • Do D.V.
        • Schmidt-Erfurth U.
        • et al.
        Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema.
        Ophthalmology. 2014; 121: 2247-2254
        • Papadopoulos N.
        • Martin J.
        • Ruan Q.
        • et al.
        Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab.
        Angiogenesis. 2012; 15: 171-185
        • Vader M.J.C.
        • Schauwvlieghe A.S.M.E.
        • Verbraak F.D.
        • et al.
        Comparing the efficacy of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (BRDME): the brdme study, a randomized trial.
        Oph Retina. 2020; 4: 777-788
        • Gross J.G.
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Jampol L.M.
        • et al.
        • Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network
        Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
        JAMA. 2015; 314 ([Erratum in: JAMA. 2016 Mar 1;315(9):944. Erratum in: JAMA. 2019 Mar 12;321(10):1008. PMID: 26565927; PMCID: PMC5567801]): 2137-2146
        • Genentech, Inc.
        FDA approves Genentech's Lucentis (ranibizumab injection) for diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness among working age adults in the United States.
        (Available at:) (Accessed May 30, 2018)
        • Wykoff C.C.
        • Shah C.
        • Dhoot D.
        • et al.
        Longitudinal retinal perfusion status in eyes with diabetic macular edema receiving intravitreal aflibercept or laser in VISTA study.
        Ophthalmology. 2019; 126: 1171-1180
        • Ip M.S.
        • Domalpally A.
        • Sun J.K.
        • et al.
        Long-term effects of therapy with ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy severity and baseline risk factors for worsening retinopathy.
        Ophthalmology. 2015; 122: 367-374
        • Brown D.M.
        • Wykoff C.C.
        • Boyer D.
        • et al.
        Evaluation of intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: results from the PANORAMA randomized clinical trial.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021; 139: 946-955
        • Maturi R.K.
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Josic K.
        • et al.
        Effect of intravitreous anti–vascular endothelial growth factor vs sham treatment for prevention of vision-threatening complications of diabetic retinopathy: the protocol w randomized clinical trial.
        JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021; 139: 701-712
        • Jonas J.B.
        • Hayler J.K.
        • Söfker A.
        • et al.
        Intravitreal injection of crystalline cortisone as adjunctive treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
        Am J Ophthalmol. 2001; 131: 468-471
        • Jonas J.B.
        • Söfker A.
        Intraocular injection of crystalline cortisone as adjunctive treatment of diabetic macular edema.
        Am J Ophthalmol. 2001; 132: 425-427
        • Elman M.J.
        • Aiello L.P.
        • Beck R.W.
        • et al.
        • Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network
        Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema.
        Ophthalmology. 2010; 117: 1064-1077.e35
      2. Allergan receives FDA approval for Ozurdex biodegradable, injectable steroid implant with extended drug release for retinal disease. Drugs.com. 2009. Available at:https://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/allergan-receives-fda-approval-ozurdex-biodegradable-injectable-steroid-implant-extended-release-1473.html. Accessed May 7, 2022.

        • Boyer D.S.
        • Yoon Y.H.
        • Belfort Jr., R.
        • et al.
        • Ozurdex MEAD Study Group
        Three-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema.
        Ophthalmology. 2014; 121: 1904-1914
        • Berrocal M.H.
        • Acaba L.A.
        • Acaba A.
        Surgery for diabetic eye complications.
        Curr Diab Rep. 2016; 16: 99
        • Glassman A.R.
        • Wells 3rd, J.A.
        • Josic K.
        • et al.
        Five-year outcomes after initial aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema (protocol t extension study).
        Ophthalmology. 2020; 127: 1201-1210
        • Elman M.J.
        • Ayala A.
        • Bressler N.M.
        • et al.
        Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Intravitreal Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: 5-year randomized trial results.
        Ophthalmology. 2015; 122: 375-381
        • Ciulla T.A.
        • Pollack J.S.
        • Williams D.F.
        Visual acuity outcomes and anti-VEGF therapy intensity in diabetic macular oedema: a real-world analysis of 28 658 patient eyes.
        Br J Ophthalmol. 2021; 105: 216-221
        • McEwen L.N.
        • Herman W.H.
        Health Care Utilization and Costs of Diabetes.
        in: Cowie C.C. Casagrande S.S. Menke A. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US), Bethesda (MD2018 (CHAPTER 40. Available at:) (Accessed 7 May 2022)
        • Sahni J.
        • Patel S.S.
        • Dugel P.U.
        • et al.
        Simultaneous Inhibition of Angiopoietin-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A with Faricimab in Diabetic Macular Edema.
        Ophthalmology. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.023
      3. FDA accepts application for Roche’s faricimab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Roche.
        (Available at:) (Accessed December 29, 2021)
        • Wykoff C.C.
        • Abreu F.
        • Adamis A.P.
        • et al.
        YOSEMITE and RHINE Investigators. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials.
        Lancet. 2022; 399: 741-755
        • Tadayoni R.
        • Sararols L.
        • Weissgerber G.
        • et al.
        Brolucizumab: a newly developed anti-VEGF molecule for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
        Ophthalmologica. 2021; 244: 93-101
        • Brown D.M.
        • Emanuelli A.
        • Bandello F.
        • et al.
        KESTREL and KITE: 52-week results from two Phase III pivotal trials of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema.
        Am J Ophthalmol. 2022; 13https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.004
      4. FDA approves Genentech’s Susvimo, a first-of-its-kind therapeutic approach for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [press release].
        Genentech, San Francisco,CA2021 (Available at:) (Accessed January 2, 2022)
        • Bryn Mawr Communications
        Genentech initiates phase 3 trial for port delivery system with ranibizumab in diabetic retinopathy. Eyewire+.
        (Available at:) (Accessed May 7,2022)
        • Campochiaro P.A.
        • Brown D.M.
        • Pearson A.
        • et al.
        Sustained delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous inserts provide benefit for at least 3 years in patients with diabetic macular edema.
        Ophthalmology. 2012; 119: 2125-2132
      5. RegenxBio presents additional positive interim data from trials of RGX-314 in wet AMD and diabetic retinopathy using suprachoroidal delivery at AAO 2021 [news release]. RegenxBio, Rockville, MD2021 (regenxbio.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/regenxbio-presents-additional-positive-interim-data-trials-rgx)
        • Gulshan V.
        • Peng L.
        • Coram M.
        • et al.
        Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs.
        JAMA. 2016; 316: 2402-2410
      6. Retinal Physician - An Update on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Retina. Retinal Physician.
        (Available at:) (Accessed May 8, 2022)